The Pinguicula crystallina/hirtiflora-species-aggregate (Pinguicula section Cardiophyllum, which will be further simply called the 'P. crystallina-complex' here) comprises rosetted perennial temperate butterworts of homophyllous growth type (the latter means that carnivorous leaves are produced throughout the year, no hibernacula or non-carnivorous winter leaves are present, and the plants hibernate with open leaf rosettes) that are distributed in the Mediterranean (southern Italy, the Balkans, and Greece) and Asia Minor (Cyprus and Turkey).